Cultural Studies

• Costume 1066 to the Present
  This expanded and updated edition of John Peacock's unrivalled collection of drawings ranges over eleven centuries of English historical costume. More than a thousand clear and detailed illustrations, plus notes that pinpoint specific features such as fabric, decoration, accessories and cut, make e...
• Edward Said
  Edward Said is perhaps best known as the author of "Orientalism" (1978), a book which changed the face of critical theory and shaped the emerging field of post-colonial studies. He is also widely known for his controversial journalism on the Palestinian political situation. This volume ex...
• Money
  From simple exchange systems in earliest times to the increasingly cashless society of our own day, this fascinating book presents an accessible and authoritative introduction to the history of money. With the aid of over 500 illustrations, it explores the origins, spread and especially the cultura...
• The Biggest Game in Town
  Since its first publication twenty years ago, The Biggest Game in Town has become a sought-after cult classic. Acclaimed writer and critic Al Alvarez delves into the murky and compelling world of high-stakes Vegas poker, where 'the next best thing to playing and winning is playing and losing'. Unco...
• Conflict Resolved
  This work raises questions on whether and how to effectively resolve conflict. Taking stock of the ideas, assumptions and practices of this emerging field, the book provides an examination of conflict theory and practice, focusing on politics and international relations, as well as biology, culture...
• London Lights
  From the time of Nelson's death at Trafalgar to the opening of the Great Exhibition in Hyde Park nearly fifty years later, London spread like a disease across the fields of Middlesex and Surrey. Foul and dangerous though it was to inhabit, in these decades London developed a new confidence in the i...
• Buttons
  Buttons have been made from almost every known material and by every manufacturing technique. Their study provides insight into fashion trends, the clothing industry and social history in general. This book introduces the wonderful array of these treasures from the past, to show the variety of mate...
• North American Indian Jewelry and Adornment
  Adornment - jewellery, beadwork and ceremonial regalia - is a defining element of cultural expression for North American Indians. This study is based on a decade of research and interviews with elders and artists, excerpts from which are presented in the book, and extends in scope from the Arctic C...
• Tudor Costume and Fashion
  Monumental, profusely illustrated study of English fashions from 1485-1603. Highly authentic, detailed survey exuberantly describes clothing, headgear, hairstyles, jewelry, collars, footwear, more worn by royalty, nobility, middle and lower classes. Most illustrations from contemporary sources. 1,0...
• Spectacles
  This publication traces the history of spectacles from the fifties to present, illustrated with numerous photographs, contemporary promotional pictures and fashion shots, stories, charts and concise text. The influence of the prevailing zeitgeist on spectacle design is of special importance this be...
• Fans
  This book traces the history of fans from biblical times to the present day. Fans are made from a wide variety of materials and in numerous different shapes and sizes, and they come from many diverse cultures. Originating as an everyday functional object, the fan rapidly acquired ceremonial and soc...
• Sneakers
  The once secret world of the sneaker collector has exploded into popular culture, with a whole army of fans hungry for the rarest shoes, the latest designs or reissued classics in a never-ending myriad of colourways and materials. Sneakers is the indispensable and definitive guide to the very best ...
• A World of Belts
  After A World of Rings, A World of Earrings, A World of Bracelets and A World of Necklaces Skira presents A World of Belts - the fifth book in the series devoted to ethnic jewellery and body ornamentation from the Ghysels collection. Over 40 years in the making this remarkable collection is made up...
• Sentimental Jewellery
• Spectacles, Monocles and Lorgnettes
  Spectacles have been used since the thirteenth century, at first by the few people who needed to read, such as churchmen and clerks. This book traces the development and use of eyeglasses from the fourteenth century onwards. In the eighteenth century lorgnettes and quizzing glasses became elegant a...
• The Aloha Shirt
  The Aloha Shirt provides a stunning pictorial history of the evolution of the Hawaiian shirt as an icon of relaxation, casual dress, and the allure of life in the Islands. With over 400 images of Aloha shirts, Hawaiian motifs, labels, and rare historical photographs, The Aloha Shirt features images...
• Emerging Worlds of Anime and Manga
  After decades in which American popular culture dominated global media and markets, Japanese popular culture--primarily manga and anime, but also toys, card and video games, and fashion--has exploded into a worldwide phenomenon. From Pokemon and the Power Rangers to Paranoia Agent and Princess Mono...
• Art Today
  Art & Today is an innovative and extensive survey of international contemporary art from the 1980s to the present. Over four hundred of the most significant contemporary artists from around the world are represented in this comprehensive overview - some emerging, some mid-career, and others long es...
• Arte Povera
  It was in 1967 that Italian art critic Germano Celant coined the term Arte Povera to describe the work of a generation of young Italian artists. Emerging alongside such international movements as Land Art, Minimalism and Conceptual Art, Arte Povera used a simple 'poverty' of gestures and materials ...
• The Book of Probes
  Until now, no book has explored the full expanse of Marshall McLuhan's thinking. Here we have assembled alongside his most prescient aphorisms excerpts from the full range of his astounding life's work. One revolutionary book distills the wisdom and wit of the man who explained to us the ...
• Undercurrents
  The author of this unforgettable, true-life adventure book is the outspoken Governor of Tokyo, whose efforts to rejuvenate and refinance the city have won over even those who thought him too unorthodox to support. Before politics, Ishihara was a prominent and successful novelist. However, this is n...
• Between the Acts
  Peoples lives are complex, contradictory and inconsistent. They can also be rich and passionate, at times lonely, at times exciting. This book reflects this in the life stories of 15 homosexual men in the years when homosexual acts were illegal in the UK. The interviews give a vivid impression of m...
• Benjamin Franklin
  The tenth and youngest son of a poor Boston soapmaker, Benjamin Franklin would rise to become, in Thomas Jefferson's words, "the greatest man and ornament of his age." In this short, engaging biography, historian Edwin S. Gaustad offers a marvelous portrait of this towering colonial figure, illumin...
• Hobbes
  Continuum's Guides for the Perplexed are clear, concise and accessible introductions to thinkers, writers and subjects that students and readers can find especially challenging. Concentrating specifically on what it is that makes the subject difficult to fathom, these books explain and explore key ...
• The Theory of Monetary Institutions
  The Theory of Monetary Institutions analyzes the often overlooked - but fundamental - questions about monetary policy regimes: How and why have monetary institutions evolved into their present forms? What are the leading arguments for and against gov...
• Business Ethics
  The subject of business ethics addresses what can be considered morally right and wrong in the way businesses make decisions and conduct their activities. Business Ethics is a lively and engaging textbook covering the foundations of business ethics and applying these theories, concepts and tools to...
• Trust
  Can we trust our elected representatives or is public life so corrupted that we can no longer rely on governments to protect our interests or even our civil liberties? Is the current mood of public distrust justified or do we need to re-evaluate our understanding of trust in the global age? In this...
• The Blackwell Cultural Economy Reader
  This Reader brings together the exciting and innovative work that has appeared in the last 10 years in the growing field of cultural economy. It contains a substantial introduction by the editors on the main strands and history of the cultural economy approach. It shows how the pursuit of prosperit...
• Doing Business in China
  Since China's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2002, China is now officially fully open for business and may soon be the biggest economy in the world. No one in, or embarking upon, a managerial career can afford to ignore a market that comprises one-fifth of the world's ...
• A Companion to the History of Economic Thought
  Assembling contributions from top thinkers in the field, this companion offers a comprehensive and sophisticated exploration of the history of economic thought. The volume has a threefold focus: the history of economic thought, the history of economics as a discipline, and the historiography of eco...
• Communicating Across Cultures
  From high-level business negotiations to casual conversations among friends, every interpersonal interaction is shaped by cultural norms and expectations. Seldom is this more clearly brought to light than in encounters between people from different cultural backgrounds, when dissimilar communicatio...
• China
  What China's transformation means for business, markets and the world order "Here is a book on China that places corporations center stage. Story paints the broad canvas of China's transformation in all its dimensions, while providing sound advice to senior management. Here is corporate strategy on...
• Consumption
  This book provides a clear and concise introduction to the concept of consumption and to the wide-ranging debates about the nature and consequences of consumer society. Community and social class appear to be in irreversible decline. Job insecurity has grown, and fewer people see work as giving mea...
• Cultures and Organizations
  A veritable atlas of cultural values. It is based on cross-cultural research conducted in seventy countries for more than thirty years and describes a revolutionary theory of cultural relativism and its applications in a range of professions. It reveals the unexamined rules by which people in diffe...
• Professionalism, the Third Logic
  Eliot Freidson has written the first systematic account of professionalism as a method of organizing work. In ideal-typical professionalism, specialized workers control their own work, while in the free market consumers are in command, and in bureaucracy managers dominate. Freidson shows how each m...
• Consumerism
  Consumerism and overspending has for many Australians become a way of life, in which they experience confusion between their needs and wants. This book examines these issues, and looks at ethical consumption, how does our consumption of luxury goods impact on the developing world and on the environ...
• Michael Faraday
  Every time you switch on a light, start up a computer or turn on a television, you do it because of discoveries related to the work of Michael Faraday. In a swimming pool you will be guarded from disease because of liquid chlorine in the water: this is because Michael Faraday first liquefied chlori...
• Aliens
  - Full-Color Photographs - Diagrams - Maps - Table of Contents - Index - Bolded Glossary Terms...
• Rome
  The pictures in this stunning volume evoke the magic of Italy's capital city and its environs. A repository of 3,000 years of accumulated history, art and culture, Rome is like no other city in the world. Layers of architecture pay testimony to the city's rich historical legacy, conveyed in hundred...
• Warrior Kids
  For many years Tim Tipene has successfully run his Warrior Kids programme in schools and communities. The programme teaches children self-respect and self-control, how to handle those events that can often result in a spiral of inappropriate behaviours, and how to celebrate the often tumultuous eve...
• Collective Intelligence
  HIGHLIGHT Collective Intelligence in Action is a hands-on guide for Java developers implementing Collective Intelligence in real, high-use web applications. DESCRIPTION Collective Intelligence in Action is a hands-on guidebook for Java developers implementing collective intelligence concepts. This ...
• Animal Ingredients A to Z
  Animal Ingredients A to Z is the bible for vegetarians, vegans, and caring consumers. More and more, we find our everyday foods containing peculiar -ingredients-many of which are animal derived. As well as a comprehensive listing of animal ingredients, this easy-to-navigate guide contains supplemen...
• Food
  When did the custom of meals served at regular hours begin? At what time did humankind rise to the table and commence eating with individual plates and utensils? Since when have we begun to speak of "cuisine" and to judge our foods, their methods of preparation, and manner of consumption on social ...
• Bags
  Exploring the changing styles and uses of bags from the Middle Ages to the present day, this gorgeous book, featuring specially commissioned photography of bags from the V&A's world famous collections, includes everything from delicate drawstring purses to must-have designer handbags by the likes o...
• Culture in School Learning
  Culture in School Learning: Revealing the Deep Meaning introduces pre- and in-service teachers to the centrality of culture in school learning. Readers are engaged in a process of constructing an operational definition of culture that reveals its deep meaning in cognition and learning, and in apply...
• Honor
  The suicide bombings carried out in London in 2005 by British Muslims revealed an alarming network of Islamist terrorists and their sympathizers. Under the noses of British intelligence, London became the European hub for the promotion, recruitment and financing of Islamist terror and extremism - s...
• The Ten Commandments
  Everybody knows the Ten Commandments, right? Let's see. There's something about stealing, lying, murdering...ah...but that's only three...what are the rest? More people claim to live by the Ten Commandments than seem to know what they are, let alone what they mean. And in this modern, jet-propelled...
• Enlightenment
  For generations the traditional focus for those wishing to understand the roots of the modern world has been France on the eve of the Revolution. Porter certainly acknowledges France's importance, but here makes an overwhelming case for considering Britain the true home of modernity - a country dri...
• Parkett
• The Lawn
  The Lawn: A Social History explores the strange coming together of means, opportunity and motive in the middle of the nineteenth century, and the lasting social changes that followed when the lawn emerged as the dominant feature of the modern built environment. After the lawn, leisure time would ne...
• The Tulip
  The New York Times bestseller and international publishing sensation-now available in paperback. Greed, desire, anguish, and devotion have all played their part in the development of the tulip from a wild flower of the Asian steppes to the worldwide ...
• Alligators, Old Mink & New Money
  "Alligators, Old Mink & New Money" is a celebration of the clothes that capture our memories and imaginations, that leave their indelible stamp on each of our lives. Alison Houtte a former fashion model who runs the beloved Brooklyn, New York, boutique Hooti Couture knows that every article of vint...
• Encyclopedia of Diet Fads
  For 200 years, diet fads have come and gone, sometimes reappearing under different names, but always attracting legions of followers. Many who adhere, for a time at least, to a diet fad's requirements often have little knowledge of whether it is safe or effective. By the time reliable information c...
• Along the Silk Road
  In 1998 renowned cellist Yo-Yo Ma founded the Silk Road Project, Inc., a nonprofit foundation devoted to the living arts of peoples of traditional Silk Road lands. One of the major components of this exciting, multiyear venture has been the commissioning of new works by composers from Silk Road reg...
• Changi to Cabramatta
  Otherwise known as the History of the Present, Public History concerns the historical in the everyday, and the sense in which we are all historians - historian's of our families, our homes and our lifetimes. This is Australia's leading history annual and is packed with articles and reviews, both sc...
• Committed to Memory
  How is contemporary public consciousness of the Holocaust shaped and communicated? How is commitment to its memory expressed and engendered? This text offers a close and critical analysis of a range of cultural activities that mediate the Holocaust f...
• All That Is Solid Melts Into Air: The Experience of Modernity
• Anticipations of the Reaction of Mechanical and Scientific Progress Upon Human Life and Thought
  This scarce antiquarian book is included in our special Legacy Reprint Series. In the interest of creating a more extensive selection of rare historical book reprints, we have chosen to reproduce this title even though it may possibly have occasional imperfections such as missing and blurred pages,...
• The Cambridge Companion to Logical Empiricism
  If there is a movement or school that epitomizes analytic philosophy in the middle of the twentieth century, it is logical empiricism. Logical empiricists created a scientifically and technically informed philosophy of science, established mathematical logic as a topic in and tool for philosophy, a...
• The Community of Man
• Eternal Questions
  Life is full of questions. Some are trivial and everyday (where did I put my keys?). Some concern important life decisions (shall I emigrate to Australia?). And again some are yet more profound (does life have a purpose?). Questions of this third type relate not so much to our individual lives, but...
• Greek Civilization
  This is a survey of the world of classical Greece, its origins and legacy. The book comprises nineteen chapters, written by leading scholars from around the world. It covers all the major themes of Ancient Greek history, set in the context of both the preceding and following periods. The book is or...
• Boerejood
  Boerejood is biography crossed with the unpacking of political mystery, crossed with a travel book. A bit of a chameleon - a book of many colours. It takes readers on a 1,000 mile journey round the Cape as Capetonian returns after 25 years abroad to seek an understanding of the SA 'Miracle'. The wr...
• Bling, Blogs and Bluetooth
  Are you a Kipper? What is Nang, for goodness' sake? Where the heck is the Rhubarb Triangle? Do you suffer from Affluenza? Are you (gasp) Buff? What is a Flash Mob, a Blog, and Slow Food? And what on earth is Chikenability? All is made clear in Bling, Blogs and Bluetooth. Collated from The Oldie's '...
• Crime, Law and Popular Culture in Europe, 1500-1900
  This book explores the relationship between crime, law and popular culture in Europe from the sixteenth century onwards. How was crime understood and dealt with by ordinary people and to what degree did they resort to or reject the official law and criminal justice system as a means of dealing with...
• Written Texts and the Rise of Literate Culture in Ancient Greece
  From the sixth through the fourth centuries BCE, the landmark developments of Greek culture and the critical works of Greek thought and literature were accompanied by an explosive growth in the use of written texts. By the close of the classical period, a new culture of literacy and textuality had ...
• Prague
  Located at the very center of Europe, Prague has been on the frontline of international political, intellectual, religious and cultural conflicts for more than six centuries. Invaded and occupied by the Habsburgs, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Nazis, and then Communist Russia, the city's identit...
• Cultural Studies Review 12.1
  This cultural review includes a special section on Indigenous Art including essays by Jennifer Biddle and Robyn Ferrell, a section on Environments and Ecologies in an Expanded Field including essays by Gay Hawkins and Emily Potter, Ross Gibson and Paul Carter, essays by Liz Jacka on the ABC, and mo...
• In Fact
  Lee Gutkind collects twenty-five essays, all originally published in the journal he founded, Creative Nonfiction, now celebrating its tenth anniversary. With an introduction by Annie Dillard, this collection highlights the importance of a dramatic an...
• Japan
  Japan is alive with much more than tradition. Cities reverberate with the whirl of crisscrossing trains, pulsating neon, and hurry-scurrying crowds. High-tech skyscrapers rise from the rice paddies. Rural festivals unleash a torrent of raw energy in an otherwise tranquil countryside. And ancient vo...
• How to Do Things with Cultural Theory
  Instead of approaching cultural theory as a set of pronouncements to be learnt, this book considers why lecturers, students and cultural producers and consumers outside the University system might all want to theorize what culture is and how it works. Taking its cue from J L Austin's infamous How t...
• Modernism
  The early Twentieth Century produced some of the most exhilarating writing in English. Writers from Britain, America and Ireland were challenging literary conventions in order to seek to accommodate their changed perspective upon a dynamic but newly unsettling world. Social pressures, including acc...
• A Companion to Anglo-Saxon Literature
  This acclaimed volume explores and unravels the contexts, readings, genres, intertextualities and debates within Anglo-Saxon studies. This work: brings together specially-commissioned contributions from a team of leading European and American scholars embraces both the literature and the cultural b...
• A Companion to Old Norse-Icelandic Literature and Culture
  This major survey of Old Norse-Icelandic literature and culture demonstrates the remarkable continuity of Icelandic language and culture from medieval to modern times. It comprises 29 chapters written by leading scholars in the field. It reflects current debates among Old Norse-Icelandic scholars. ...
• Edinburgh
  Home to the one of the world's great arts festivals, the capital of Scotland is a city of contrasting moods and atmospheres. Rising from the volcanic ridge that runs from the Castle Rock to Arthur's Seat, Edinburgh is a combination of living history and vibrant modernity. The historic fastness of t...
• Modern North American Criticism and Theory
  Modern North American Criticism and Theory presents the reader with a comprehensive and critical introduction to the development and institutionalization of literary and cultural studies throughout the twentieth century and at the beginning of the twenty-first. Focusing on the growth and expansion ...
• Race Against Time
  Hannah, Jade and Charlotte are mad about ponies and love riding. So when disaster strikes, they're the first to ride to the rescue...Hannah's on holiday with her mother - and her mother's new fiance, Frank. They're canoeing down the river while Hannah pony-treks alongside. She's still not sure abou...
• Global Warming
  Global Warming: Understanding the Forecast is a comprehensive introduction to all aspects of global warming. Written in an accessible style, this important book examines the processes of climate change and climate stability, from the distant past to the distant future. Examining the greenhouse effe...
• Paper or Plastic
  The deceptively simple supermarket choice echoed in the title symbolizes the dilemma of a society on a collision course with the planet's life-support systems. Do we clearcut forests, process pulp, and bleach it with chlorine to make paper bags? Or do we make a pact with demon hydrocarbon, refining...
• Beautiful Things in Popular Culture
  This is an innovative book that addresses the question of how consumers make decisions about what is good and what is bad in popular culture. It is an entertaining and informative guide to the range of aesthetic criteria that goes into judging mass culture's most celebrated texts and objects - from...
• The Ideology of the Aesthetic
  The Ideology of the Aesthetic aims at presenting a history and critique of the concept of the aesthetic throughout modern Western thought. As such, this is a critical survey of modern Western philosophy, focusing on the complex relations between aesthetics, ethics and politics. Eagleton provides an...
• Ancient Philosophy
  Sir Anthony Kenny tells the fascinating story of the birth of philosophy and its remarkable flourishing in the ancient Mediterranean world. This is the first of four volumes in which he unfolds a magisterial new history of Western philosophy. Specially written for a broad popular readership, but se...
• Aristotle
  Under the guidance of Professor Veatch, Aristotle stands forth again as the philosopher who, above all, speaks simply and directly to the common sense of all mankind. Today, Professor Veatch believes, the time may be ripe for a belated recognition that Aristotle is "a truly live option in philosoph...
• Augustine
  Moving all the way from the South Pole to the North Pole isn't easy for the young penguin Augustine. Uprooted from her home, she misses her friends, her grandma and grandpa and her old bedroom. There are all kinds of unfamiliar faces at the North Pole, and everything looks strange and different. Wh...
• The Cambridge Companion to Early Modern Philosophy
  The Cambridge Companion to Early Modern Philosophy is a comprehensive introduction to the central topics and changing shape of philosophical inquiry in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It explores one of the most innovative periods in the history of Western philosophy, extending from Monta...
• Lust
  Combining the kinky world of online dating and comics in crazy explosion Ellen Forney's follow-up to her wildly successful I Love Led Zeppelin is a collection of cartoons celebrating the sometimes stunningly crude, sometimes surprisingly sweet online world of personal classifieds. Forney has for se...
• Moral Philosophy from Montaigne to Kant
  This anthology contains excerpts from some thirty-two important seventeenth- and eighteenth-century moral philosophers. Including a substantial introduction and extensive bibliographies, the anthology facilitates the study and teaching of early modern moral philosophy in its crucial formative perio...
• Philosophy and Love
  Philosophy and Love introduces historical and contemporary philosophical reflections on love. It brings together philosophy with cultural analysis to provide an accessible and engaging account of conventional theories of love as well as the controversial reformulations evident in same-sex desire, c...
• Classical Humanism and Republicanism in English Political Thought, 1570-1640
  Markku Peltonen examines humanist and republican themes in English political thinking between the mid-sixteenth century and the Civil War. He challenges the dominant view that humanism fizzled out in the middle of the sixteenth century only to re-emerge during the 1650s in the writings of such clas...
• The Hand
  What are the origins of human difference? The Hand, which is the first part of a bold philosophical inquiry into the nature of the difference between human beings and other animals, argues that it is the result of a complex sequence of events which began several million years ago with the evolution...
• Byzantine Philosophy and Its Ancient Sources
  Byzantine philosophy is an almost unexplored field. Being regarded either as mere scholars or as primarily religious thinkers, Byzantine philosophers, for the most part, have not been studied on their own philosophical merit, and their works have hardly been scrutinized as works of philosophy. Thus...
• The Blackwell Guide to the Modern Philosophers
  This guide brings together eighteen original interpretations of the modern philosophers from Descartes to Nietzsche. The contributors succeed brilliantly in placing their figures within a rich historical, cultural, and philosophical context, noting some of the important ways in which their ideas an...
• Hypermodern Times
  The term 'postmodernity' has been used to describe that historical transformation of the late 20th century when the institutional breaks holding back individual emancipation disintegrated, thereby giving rise to the full expression of individual desi...
• Ideology
  Ideology draws on the social, political and cultural theory of Jurgen Habermas, Gilles Deleuze and Slavoj i ek in order to explore the possibility of developing a 'critical conception of ideology'. The book is concerned with two main themes: the relationship of ideology to the 'real' and the relati...
• Political Philosophy
  Politicians invoke grand ideas: social justice, democracy, liberty, equality,community. But what do these ideas really mean? How can politicians across the political spectrum appeal to the same values? This revised and expanded edition of Political Philosophy: A Beginner's Guide for Students and Po...
• Family Guy and Philosophy
  Family Guy and Philosophy brings together low-brow, potty-mouthed, cartoon humor and high-brow philosophical reflection to deliver an outrageously hilarious and clever exploration of one of TV's most unrelenting families. Ok, it's not that high-brow. A sharp, witty and absurd exploration of one of ...
• New Cultural Studies
  What should or could cultural studies look like in the 21st Century? New Cultural Studies is both an introductory reference work and an original study which explores some of the most exciting new directions currently being opened up in cultural studies. A new generation has begun to emerge from the...
• The Oxford History of Western Philosophy
  This is a uniquely authoritative history of philosophy for the general reader. Written by a team of distinguished scholars, it tells the story of Western philosophy from its ancient beginnings to the present day, emphasizing the intellectual context of its development. Philosophy has played a centr...
• Dead Reckoning
  Dead Reckoning is a wonderful new collection - easy to read and intellectually stimulating - by Michael Jackson, a New Zealander who has lived and worked overseas most of his adult life, 'far too long / in another hemisphere', while continuing to publish in New Zealand. This distance and global rea...
• Crosswind
  Edited by award-winning U.S. playwright William Branch, this is a landmark collection of plays addressing various aspects of the global black experience by outstanding black playwrights from Africa, Europe, the Caribbean, and North and South America. Among the plays are dramas by Nobel laureates De...